Mastering Digital SLR Photography

Mastering
Digital SLR Photography

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Introduction

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Contents

Why is dSLR?
      Four dSLR Advantages Unrelated to Single-Lens Reflexiveness
            Higher sensitivity and reduced noise
            Control over depth-of-field
            Digital SLRs work like a camera, not a VCR
            Faster operation
      Four Major Advantages Unique to dSLRs
            Better lenses
            Easier upgrading
            Better use of power
            True “what you see is what you get” composition
      Five dSLR Downsides
            Lack of superwide lenses
            No LCD preview or composing
            Dirt and dust
            Size, weight, and general clunkiness

Digital SLR Technology
      Sensors and Sensibility
            Sensor Overview
            CCDs in Depth
            CMOS in Depth
            Noise and Sensitivity
            Dynamic Range
      Controlling Exposure Time
      How We Get Color
            Sony’s Four-Color CCD
            The Non-Bayer Foveon Imager
            Fuji’s SuperCCD
            Infrared Sensitivity
      Using Interchangeable Lenses
            Lens Interchangeability
                  Not Much Backward Compatibility
                  Lots of Backward Compatibility
                  Nikon Compatibility
      Viewfinders
      Storage
      Choosing the dSLR That’s Right for You
            Questions to Ask Yourself
                  How Much Resolution Do You Need?
                  How Often Do You Want to Upgrade?
                  Is a Compact SLR Important to You?
                  Do You Want to Share Lenses and Accessories with a Conventional Film
                  Camera?
                  What Other Features Do You Need?

Mastering Your dSLR Controls
      Exposure Controls
            Tonal Range
            Histogram Basics
            Using the Histogram
            Using Aperture Priority, Shutter Priority, and Manual Exposure
            Programmed Exposures
      Exposure Metering
            Metering Mode
            Evaluation Mode
      Focusing
            Manual Focus
            Autofocus
                  Autofocus Considerations
                  Autofocus Parameters

Quirks and Strengths
      It’s Done with Mirrors
            Mirror Bounce
            Mirror Size and Design
            Focus Screen
            Pentaprism/Pentamirrors and so Forth
            Eyepiece
                  Magnification
                  Coverage
                  Eyepoint
      Oddity of dSLR Viewfinders
      Protecting the Sensor from Dust
            Whither Dust
            Dust vs Dead Pixels
            Protecting Your Sensor from Dust
            Fixing Dusty Images
            Cleaning the Sensor
                  Air Cleaning
                  Brush Cleaning
                  Liquid Cleaning
      Secrets of dSLR Image Storage
            Key Considerations
      FAT Follies

Working RAW
      Format Proliferation
      Image Size, File Size, and File Compression
            Image Compression Revealed
            Moreover
      About Those Formats
            Formats Used for Image Editors/Display/Printing Only
                  GIF
                  JPEG
                  PDF
                  PICT
                  BMP
                  PNG
                  PCX
            Formats Used in Digital Cameras
                  JPEG
                  TIFF
                  RAW
      Use JPEG, TIFF, or RAW?
      RAW Applications
            Converters Offered by Camera Vendors
                  Kodak Professional DCS Photo Desk
                  Nikon Capture
                  Canon EOS File Viewer Utility/EOS Capture/Digital Photo Professional
                  Other Proprietary RAW Converters
            Third-Party Solutions
                  IrfanView
                  Phase One Capture One Pro (C Pro)
                  Bibble Pro
                  BreezeBrowser
            Photoshop CS

Working with Lenses
      Lenses and dSLRs
            Digital Differences
            Some Sensors Are Smaller Than Film Frames
                  Extreme Angles
                  Reflections
                  Lens Designs
            If It Ain’t Bokeh, Don’t Fix It
      Understanding Lens Requirements
            Image Quality
            Lens Aperture
            Zoom Lenses
            Focusing
            Add-On Attachments
            Construction Quality

Close-Up Photography
      Why dSLRs Are Better
      Macro Terminology
      Getting Practical
            Lens Choice
                  Macro or General Purpose Lens?
                  Focal Length
                  Depth-of-Field
            Perspective
            Close-Up Gear
                  Close-Up Lenses
                  Extension Tubes and Bellows
                  Other Gear
      Some Shooting Tips

Capturing Action
      Sports in a Nutshell
            The Importance of Position
            Key Sports: Play by Play
      Dealing with Shutter Lag
      Burst Mode Basics
            Selecting Your Burst Modes
      Choosing Your Lenses
            Zoom or Prime Lens?
            Focal Lengths Needed
      Action Exposure Concerns
      Attaining Focus
      Selecting an ISO Speed
      Electronic Flash—or Not?
            Which Flash to Use?
            Power
            Multiple Flash
            Understanding Flash Synch
            Choosing a Flash Exposure Mode
      Using a Tripod or Monopod
      Basics of Freezing Action
            Motion and Direction
            Some Interesting Anomalies
      Action Stopping Techniques
            Stopping Action with Panning
            Freezing Action Head On
            Freezing Action with Your Shutter
            Freezing Action with Electronic Flash
            Freezing Action at Its Peak
            When Blur Is Better
      Some Final Tips

Composition and dSLRs
      The SLR View
            Focus
            Coverage and Magnification
            Layout Aids
            Aspect Ratios
      Basics of Composition
            Understanding Your Intent
            Simplicity
            Finding Your Center
            Visual Orientation
            Rule of Thirds
            Linear Thinking
            Balance
            Framing
            Fusion/Separation
      Composing with People
            Lighting
            Posing
      Landscape Photography
      Architectural Photography
            Shooting Outdoors
            Shooting Indoors

Special Features
      Image Stabilization
            Causes of Camera Shake
            Diagnosing Camera Shake
            Preventing Camera Shake
            Using Image Stabilization
                  How It Works
      Night, Ultraviolet, and Infrared Photography
            Night Photography
                  Camera Sensitivity and Noise
                  Exposure and Focus
                  Taking Your Best Night Shots
            Ultraviolet Photography
            Infrared Photography
                  What You Need
                  IR Considerations
      Time-Lapse Photography

Why is dSLR ?
Digital SLR Technology
Mastering Your dSLR Controls
Quircks and Strength
Working with RAW
Working wth Lenses
Close Up Photography
Capturing Action
Composition
Special Features
TradeBonanza
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